Europe
For this study, the European region is defined as all European Union (EU) countries plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland as well as Southeastern European countries eventually planning to join the EU. Turkey has been included in the European region as well.
The European Union (EU) Member States have successfully implemented Euro 5 and Euro V vehicle emission standards as well as corresponding legislative regulations for fuel quality and achieved full coverage of 10 ppm sulfur fuels. Other countries planning to join the EU are also progressing toward its standards. Growing on-road diesel demand and upcoming requirements to reduce sulfur content in heating oil and marine fuels will place additional hydroprocessing requirements on the region’s refineries. In parallel, the EU Renewable Energy Directive and individual country biofuels programs will dictate integration of biofuels and alternative fuels into the transportation fuel pool...